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1 invar alloy
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2 invar alloy
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3 invar alloy
The New English-Russian Dictionary of Radio-electronics > invar alloy
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4 nonmagnetic invar alloy
English-russian dictionary of physics > nonmagnetic invar alloy
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5 alloy
1) сплав2) сплавлять, вплавлять3) легирующий элемент || легировать•- alnico alloy
- antiferromagnetic alloy
- binary alloy
- chemically-ordered alloy
- compensator alloy
- corrosion-resistant alloy
- crystalline alloy
- dilute alloy
- directionally solidified alloy
- disordered alloy
- doped alloy
- eutectic alloy
- ferrimagnetic alloy
- ferromagnetic alloy
- giant magnetoresistance alloy
- GMR alloy
- hard magnetic alloy
- Heusler alloy
- high-coercivity alloy
- high-permeability alloy
- invar alloy
- magnetic alloy
- metastable alloy
- modulated-structure alloy
- n-type alloy
- ordered alloy
- peritectic alloy
- permanent magnet alloy
- powder alloy
- precipitation-hardened alloy
- p-type alloy
- random alloy
- resistance alloy
- semiconducting alloy
- semi-hard magnetic alloy
- soft magnetic alloy
- solder alloy
- substitution alloy
- temperature-compensated alloy
- textured alloy
- thermocouple alloy
- thermomagnetic alloy
- type I-superconducting alloy
- type II superconducting alloy
- Wood's alloy -
6 alloy
1) сплав2) сплавлять, вплавлять3) легирующий элемент || легировать•- alnico alloy
- antiferromagnetic alloy
- binary alloy
- chemically-ordered alloy
- compensator alloy
- corrosion-resistant alloy
- crystalline alloy
- dilute alloy
- directionally solidified alloy
- disordered alloy
- doped alloy
- eutectic alloy
- ferrimagnetic alloy
- ferromagnetic alloy
- giant magnetoresistance alloy
- GMR alloy
- hard magnetic alloy
- Heusler alloy
- high-coercivity alloy
- high-permeability alloy
- invar alloy
- magnetic alloy
- metastable alloy
- modulated-structure alloy
- n-type alloy
- ordered alloy
- peritectic alloy
- permanent magnet alloy
- powder alloy
- precipitation-hardened alloy
- p-type alloy
- random alloy
- resistance alloy
- semiconducting alloy
- semi-hard magnetic alloy
- soft magnetic alloy
- solder alloy
- substitution alloy
- temperature-compensated alloy
- textured alloy
- thermocouple alloy
- thermomagnetic alloy
- type I superconducting alloy
- type II superconducting alloy
- Wood's alloyThe New English-Russian Dictionary of Radio-electronics > alloy
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7 invar (iron-nickel alloy)
(met) invar (oţel aliat cu coeficient mic de dilataţie)English-Romanian technical dictionary > invar (iron-nickel alloy)
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8 invar
m.invar, nickel-iron alloy. -
9 nickel-iron alloy
s.aleación de hierro y níquel, invar. -
10 aluminium alloy conductor invar reinforced
Англо-русский словарь промышленной и научной лексики > aluminium alloy conductor invar reinforced
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11 инварный сплав
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12 инварный сплав
Русско-английский словарь по радиоэлектронике > инварный сплав
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13 инварный сплав
invar, invar alloy -
14 немагнитный инварный сплав
Русско-английский физический словарь > немагнитный инварный сплав
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15 Guillaume, Charles-Edouard
[br]b. 15 February 1861 Fleurier, Switzerlandd. 13 June 1938 Sèvres, France[br]Swiss physicist who developed two alloys, "invar" and "elinvar", used for the temperature compensation of clocks and watches.[br]Guillaume came from a family of clock-and watchmakers. He was educated at the Gymnasium in Neuchâtel and at Zurich Polytechnic, from which he received his doctorate in 1883 for a thesis on electrolytic capacitors. In the same year he joined the International Bureau of Weights and Measures at Sèvres in France, where he was to spend the rest of his working life. He retired as Director in 1936. At the bureau he was involved in distributing the national standards of the metre to countries subscribing to the General Conference on Weights and Measures that had been held in 1889. This made him aware of the crucial effect of thermal expansion on the lengths of the standards and he was prompted to look for alternative materials that would be less costly than the platinum alloys which had been used. While studying nickel steels he made the surprising discovery that the thermal expansion of certain alloy compositions was less than that of the constituent metals. This led to the development of a steel containing about 36 per cent nickel that had a very low thermal coefficient of expansion. This alloy was subsequently named "invar", an abbreviation of invariable. It was well known that changes in temperature affected the timekeeping of clocks by altering the length of the pendulum, and various attempts had been made to overcome this defect, most notably the mercury-compensated pendulum of Graham and the gridiron pendulum of Harrison. However, an invar pendulum offered a simpler and more effective method of temperature compensation and was used almost exclusively for pendulum clocks of the highest precision.Changes in temperature can also affect the timekeeping of watches and chronometers, but this is due mainly to changes in the elasticity or stiffness of the balance spring rather than to changes in the size of the balance itself. To compensate for this effect Guillaume developed another more complex nickel alloy, "elinvar" (elasticity invariable), whose elasticity remained almost constant with changes in temperature. This had two practical consequences: the construction of watches could be simplified (by using monometallic balances) and more accurate chronometers could be made.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsNobel Prize for Physics 1920. Corresponding member of the Académie des Sciences. Grand Officier de la Légion d'honneur 1937. Physical Society Duddell Medal 1928. British Horological Institute Gold Medal 1930.Bibliography1897, "Sur la dilation des aciers au nickel", Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l'Académie des sciences 124:176.1903, "Variations du module d"élasticité des aciers au nickel', Comptes rendushebdomadaires des séances de l'Académie des sciences 136:498."Les aciers au nickel et leurs applications à l'horlogerie", in J.Grossmann, Horlogerie théorique, Paris, Vol. II, pp. 361–414 (describes the application of invar and elinvar to horology).Sir Richard Glazebrook (ed.), 1923 "Invar and Elinvar", Dictionary of Applied Physics, 5 vols, London, Vol. V, pp. 320–7 (a succinct account in English).Further ReadingR.M.Hawthorne, 1989, Nobel Prize Winners, Physics, 1901–1937, ed. F.N.Magill, Pasadena, Salem Press, pp. 244–51.See also: Le Roy, PierreDVBiographical history of technology > Guillaume, Charles-Edouard
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16 Chevenard, Pierre Antoine Jean Sylvestre
SUBJECT AREA: Metallurgy[br]b. 31 December 1888 Thizy, Rhône, Franced. 15 August 1960 Fontenoy-aux-Roses, France[br]French metallurgist, inventor of the alloys Elinvar and Platinite and of the method of strengthening nickel-chromium alloys by a precipitate ofNi3Al which provided the basis of all later super-alloy development.[br]Soon after graduating from the Ecole des Mines at St-Etienne in 1910, Chevenard joined the Société de Commentry Fourchambault et Decazeville at their steelworks at Imphy, where he remained for the whole of his career. Imphy had for some years specialized in the production of nickel steels. From this venture emerged the first austenitic nickel-chromium steel, containing 6 per cent chromium and 22–4 per cent nickel and produced commercially in 1895. Most of the alloys required by Guillaume in his search for the low-expansion alloy Invar were made at Imphy. At the Imphy Research Laboratory, established in 1911, Chevenard conducted research into the development of specialized nickel-based alloys. His first success followed from an observation that some of the ferro-nickels were free from the low-temperature brittleness exhibited by conventional steels. To satisfy the technical requirements of Georges Claude, the French cryogenic pioneer, Chevenard was then able in 1912 to develop an alloy containing 55–60 per cent nickel, 1–3 per cent manganese and 0.2–0.4 per cent carbon. This was ductile down to −190°C, at which temperature carbon steel was very brittle.By 1916 Elinvar, a nickel-iron-chromium alloy with an elastic modulus that did not vary appreciably with changes in ambient temperature, had been identified. This found extensive use in horology and instrument manufacture, and even for the production of high-quality tuning forks. Another very popular alloy was Platinite, which had the same coefficient of thermal expansion as platinum and soda glass. It was used in considerable quantities by incandescent-lamp manufacturers for lead-in wires. Other materials developed by Chevenard at this stage to satisfy the requirements of the electrical industry included resistance alloys, base-metal thermocouple combinations, magnetically soft high-permeability alloys, and nickel-aluminium permanent magnet steels of very high coercivity which greatly improved the power and reliability of car magnetos. Thermostatic bimetals of all varieties soon became an important branch of manufacture at Imphy.During the remainder of his career at Imphy, Chevenard brilliantly elaborated the work on nickel-chromium-tungsten alloys to make stronger pressure vessels for the Haber and other chemical processes. Another famous alloy that he developed, ATV, contained 35 per cent nickel and 11 per cent chromium and was free from the problem of stress-induced cracking in steam that had hitherto inhibited the development of high-power steam turbines. Between 1912 and 1917, Chevenard recognized the harmful effects of traces of carbon on this type of alloy, and in the immediate postwar years he found efficient methods of scavenging the residual carbon by controlled additions of reactive metals. This led to the development of a range of stabilized austenitic stainless steels which were free from the problems of intercrystalline corrosion and weld decay that then caused so much difficulty to the manufacturers of chemical plant.Chevenard soon concluded that only the nickel-chromium system could provide a satisfactory basis for the subsequent development of high-temperature alloys. The first published reference to the strengthening of such materials by additions of aluminium and/or titanium occurs in his UK patent of 1929. This strengthening approach was adopted in the later wartime development in Britain of the Nimonic series of alloys, all of which depended for their high-temperature strength upon the precipitated compound Ni3Al.In 1936 he was studying the effect of what is now known as "thermal fatigue", which contributes to the eventual failure of both gas and steam turbines. He then published details of equipment for assessing the susceptibility of nickel-chromium alloys to this type of breakdown by a process of repeated quenching. Around this time he began to make systematic use of the thermo-gravimetrie balance for high-temperature oxidation studies.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsPresident, Société de Physique. Commandeur de la Légion d'honneur.Bibliography1929, Analyse dilatométrique des matériaux, with a preface be C.E.Guillaume, Paris: Dunod (still regarded as the definitive work on this subject).The Dictionary of Scientific Biography lists around thirty of his more important publications between 1914 and 1943.Further Reading"Chevenard, a great French metallurgist", 1960, Acier Fins (Spec.) 36:92–100.L.Valluz, 1961, "Notice sur les travaux de Pierre Chevenard, 1888–1960", Paris: Institut de France, Académie des Sciences.ASDBiographical history of technology > Chevenard, Pierre Antoine Jean Sylvestre
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17 никелевая сталь
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18 piston
поршень (рис. 3); плунжер (рис. 144,7) ; пистон; шток поршня; ныряло; клапан; нфт. плавающая (понтонная) крыша резервуара - piston action - piston-actuated - piston actuated clutch - piston-actuated pressure switch - piston actuator - piston-air drill - piston air valve - piston alloy - piston-and-valve arrangement - piston area - piston attenuator - piston barrel - piston base plate - piston bearing - piston cam plate - piston cooling jet - piston cooling valve - piston core - piston crucible growth - piston cylinder - piston-cylinder assembly - piston damper - piston drill - piston-face area - piston force - piston face - piston filler - piston filling machine - piston flow - piston follower - piston groove - piston hydropneumatic accumulator - piston-in-cylinder clearance - piston knocking - piston-like - piston manometer - piston manufacturing line - piston meter - piston mirror - piston motor - piston nut - piston oil ring rails - piston-operated spool valve - piston operated valve - piston pin boss - piston pin circlip - piston pin drift - piston pin end cap - piston pin knock - piston pin lock ring - piston pin locking screw - piston pin set screw - piston pin with taper bore - piston play - piston ported engine - piston pressure - piston pressure gage - piston pressure gauge - piston puller - piston pull scale - piston pump - piston pump with cam drive - piston relief valve - piston-ring carrier - piston ring casting - piston-ring clamp - piston ring expander - piston ring gap in bore - piston ring grinding machine - piston ring groove - piston ring joint - piston ring side clearance - piston ring slot - piston-ring spreader - piston ring sticking - piston-ring tension - piston-ring width - piston rod - piston rod end - piston scaler - piston seal - piston seizure - piston separator - piston shoe - piston side thrust - piston skirt - piston skirt clearance - piston skirt expander - piston slap - piston slipper - piston speed - piston sticking - piston stripping - piston stroke - piston-suction sampler - piston supercharger - piston support washer - piston-swept volume - piston throttle - piston thrust - piston-to-head clearance - piston-to-wall clearance - piston top - piston travel - piston-turning lathe - piston-turning machine - piston-type compressor - piston-type damper - piston-type drill - piston-type pump - piston-type relief device - piston-type unit - piston valve - piston valve cylinder - piston varnish rating - piston with slipper - piston with struts - piston wrench - buffer piston - cast piston - choke piston - close-fitting piston - compensating piston - contact piston - contractor piston - control piston - dividing piston - dome-head piston - double-acting piston - dual area piston - flat-crown piston - forged piston - free piston - ground-in piston - high-pressure piston - hollow piston - hammer piston - intensifier piston - intermediate piston - lubricator piston - magnetic piston - mud piston - operating piston - pent crown piston - plunger piston - pot-type piston - pressure piston - pump piston - raised-crown piston - ramming piston - reaction piston - reciprocating piston - ribbed piston - rotary piston - rubber piston - sand piston - secondary piston - seized piston - seizing of piston rings - separating piston - shock absorber piston - short-circuiting piston - single-rod piston - skeleton-skirt piston - slack piston - sliding piston - slipper piston - slit-skirt piston - solid piston - spherical head piston - split piston - split skirt piston - standard piston - steel piston - steel-belted piston - steel-strut piston - step-head piston - step piston - stepped piston - sticking of piston rings - stock piston - strut-type piston - supported piston - suspended piston - T-slot piston - trunk piston - trunk-type piston - two-diameter piston - two-piece piston - U-slot piston - unsuspended piston - valve piston - vertical slot piston - waveguide piston
См. также в других словарях:
Invar — Invar®, also known generically as FeNi36 (64FeNi in the US), is a nickel steel alloy notable for its uniquely low coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE or α). It was invented in 1896 by Swiss scientist Charles Édouard Guillaume. He received the… … Wikipedia
Invar — [in′vär΄] [abbrev. < INVARIABLE] trademark for a steel alloy containing approximately 36% nickel, used for making precision instruments and thermostatic elements because of its low coefficient of thermal expansion n. [i ] this substance … English World dictionary
Invar® — /inˈvär or in värˈ/ noun An alloy of iron and nickel that expands only slightly when heated, used in the making of scientific instruments ORIGIN: From ↑invariable … Useful english dictionary
Invar — /in vahr /, Trademark. a brand of iron alloy containing 35.5 percent nickel and having a very low coefficient of expansion at atmospheric temperatures. * * * Trademark name for an alloy of iron (64% iron, 36% nickel) that expands very little when … Universalium
alloy — Synonyms and related words: Carboloy, Duralumin, Duriron, German silver, Monel Metal, Muntz metal, Stellite, Swedish steel, admix, admixture, adulterate, aggregate, allay, alloy iron, alloy steel, alloyage, alnico, alter, amalgam, amalgamate,… … Moby Thesaurus
invar — noun Usage: often capitalized Etymology: from Invar, a trademark Date: 1902 an iron nickel alloy that expands little on heating … New Collegiate Dictionary
invar — noun an alloy of iron containing 35.5% nickel, and having a very low coefficient of expansion … Wiktionary
Invar — [ ɪnvα:] noun trademark an alloy of iron and nickel with a negligible coefficient of expansion, used in clocks and watches. Origin early 20th cent.: abbrev. of invariable … English new terms dictionary
invar — /ɪnˈva/ (say in vah), /ˈɪnvə/ (say invuh) noun an iron alloy, containing 35.5 per cent nickel, having a very low coefficient of expansion at atmospheric temperatures. {trademark; shortened form of invariable} …
Invar — n. propr. an iron nickel alloy with a negligible coefficient of expansion, used in the manufacture of clocks and scientific instruments. Etymology: abbr. of INVARIABLE … Useful english dictionary
Charles Édouard Guillaume — Born 15 February 1861(1861 02 15) Fleurier, Switzerla … Wikipedia